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Recent years have witnessed a fundamental change in the way governments approach energy-related environmental issues. In recognition of this change and in preparation for the Ninth Conference of the Parties (COP-9) meeting under the U.N. Climate Convention in Milan, Italy from 1 to 12 December 2003, the IEA has prepared this publication on CO2 emissions from fuel combustion.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects -- Statistics -- Databases. --- Fossil fuels -- Combustion -- Environmental aspects -- Statistics -- Databases. --- Greenhouse gases -- Environmental aspects -- Statistics -- Databases.

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In scientific research and public interest there has been a growing attention to environmental matters. Leading figures present their views on the nature of environmental conciousness and the emergence of connections linking globalization, globalism, specific environments and environmentalism.

Environmental economics. --- Globalization --- Sustainable development --- International economic relations. --- Economic aspects. --- Environmental aspects. --- Social aspects. --- Citizen participation.

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Nowhere has the divide between advocates and critics of globalization been more striking than in debates over free trade and the environment. And yet the literature on the subject is high on rhetoric and low on results. This book is the first to systematically investigate the subject using both economic theory and empirical analysis. Brian Copeland and Scott Taylor establish a powerful theoretical framework for examining the impact of international trade on local pollution levels, and use it to offer a uniquely integrated treatment of the links between economic growth, liberalized trade, and the environment. The results will surprise many. The authors set out the two leading theories linking international trade to environmental outcomes, develop the empirical implications, and examine their validity using data on measured sulfur dioxide concentrations from over 100 cities worldwide during the period from 1971 to 1986. The empirical results are provocative. For an average country in the sample, free trade is good for the environment. There is little evidence that developing countries will specialize in pollution-intensive products with further trade. In fact, the results suggest just the opposite: free trade will shift pollution-intensive goods production from poor countries with lax regulation to rich countries with tight regulation, thereby lowering world pollution. The results also suggest that pollution declines amid economic growth fueled by economy-wide technological progress but rises when growth is fueled by capital accumulation alone. Lucidly argued and authoritatively written, this book will provide students and researchers of international trade and environmental economics a more reliable way of thinking about this contentious issue, and the methodological tools with which to do so.

380.50 --- Structuur en organisatie van de handel (algemeenheden). --- Industrial economics --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Foreign trade. International trade --- International trade --- Free trade --- Environmental policy --- Economic development --- Environmental aspects --- Economic aspects --- Social Sciences and Humanities. Economics --- Environmental aspects. --- Economic aspects. --- Environmental Economics. --- 351.2 --- 355 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Eco-development --- Ecodevelopment --- Openbare gezondheid. Milieubescherming. Milieuvervuiling --- Milieu --- Structuur en organisatie van de handel (algemeenheden) --- International trade - Environmental aspects --- Free trade - Environmental aspects --- Environmental policy - Economic aspects --- Economic development - Environmental aspects --- environnement --- pollution --- commerce international --- internationalisation de l'économie

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Interest in the quality and health of soil has grown with the recognition that soil is vital not only to production of food and fibre, but also to the smooth functioning of the ecosystem, and overall environmental stability. Strategies for sustainable management include conserving essential soil components, minimising erosion, balancing production with environmental needs, and making better use of renewable resources.

Sustainable agriculture --- Soil management --- Soil ecology --- Agriculture durable --- Sols --- Ecologie du sol --- Congresses --- Environmental aspects --- Congrès --- Aménagement --- Aspect de l'environnement --- Soils --- Soil science --- Agronomy --- Management

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Virtually all large-scale damage to the global environment is caused by economic activities, and the vast majority of economic planners in both business and government coordinate these activities on the basis of guidelines and prescriptions from neoclassical economic theory. In this hard-hitting book, Robert Nadeau demonstrates that the claim that neoclassical economics is a science comparable to the physical sciences is totally bogus and that our failure to recognize and deal with this fact constitutes the greatest single barrier to the timely resolution of the crisis in the global environment. Neoclassical economic theory is premised on the belief that the "invisible hand"- Adam Smith's metaphor for forces associated with the operation of the "natural laws of economics"-regulates the workings of market economies. Nadeau reveals that Smith's understanding of these laws was predicated on assumptions from eighteenth-century metaphysics and that the creators of neoclassical economics incorporated this view of the "lawful" mechanisms of free-market systems into a mathematical formalism borrowed wholesale from mid-nineteenth-century physics. The strategy used by these economists, all of whom had been trained as engineers, was as simple as it was absurd-they substituted economic variables for the physical variables in the equations of this physics. Strangely enough, this claim was widely accepted and the fact that neoclassical economics originated in a bastardization of mid-nineteenth-century physics was soon forgotten. Nadeau makes a convincing case that the myth that neoclassical economic theory is a science has blinded us to the fact that there is absolutely no basis in this theory for accounting for the environmental impacts of economic activities or for positing viable economic solutions to environmental problems. The unfortunate result is that the manner in which we are now coordinating global economic activities is a program for ecological disaster, and we may soon arrive at the point where massive changes in the global environment will threaten the lives of billions of people. To avoid this prospect, Nadeau argues that we must develop and implement an environmentally responsible economic theory and describes how this can be accomplished.

International economic relations --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- AA / International- internationaal --- 330.00 --- 351.2 --- 355 --- Economische en sociale theorieën: algemeenheden. --- Openbare gezondheid. Milieubescherming. Milieuvervuiling. --- Milieu --- Economic development --- Globalization --- Eco-development --- Ecodevelopment --- Environmental aspects --- Economic aspects --- Economische en sociale theorieën: algemeenheden --- Openbare gezondheid. Milieubescherming. Milieuvervuiling --- Environmental aspects. --- Economic aspects.